Ingredients

Astaxanthin

A potent carotenoid antioxidant that helps neutralise oxidative stress. Emerging animal research suggests astaxanthin supports joint health and cellular protection by modulating inflammatory pathways.

Fassett & Coombes (2011). Astaxanthin: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Marine Drugs.

Park et al. (2010). Astaxanthin reduces oxidative stress markers. Nutrition & Metabolism.

Beta-Glucans (from Yeast)

Natural fibres from the yeast cell wall, long studied for their role in priming the body's everyday immune defences. Research in dogs shows beta-glucans help support a healthy, responsive immune system.

Stuyven E, et al. (2010). Oral administration of β-1,3/1,6-glucan to dogs temporally changes total and antigen-specific IgA and IgM. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

Volman JJ, Ramakers JD, Plat J (2008). Dietary modulation of immune function by β-glucans. Physiology & Behavior, 94(2):276–284.

Biotin (Vitamin B7)

An essential B vitamin and metabolic co-factor that supports healthy skin and a glossy coat. Research in dogs shows biotin helps maintain skin and coat condition, while its central role in fat and energy metabolism supports steady everyday vitality.

Frigg M, Schulze J, Völker L (1989). Clinical study on the effect of biotin on skin conditions in dogs. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 131(10):621–625.

McMahon RJ (2002). Biotin in metabolism and molecular biology. Annual Review of Nutrition, 22:221–239.

Bilberry Extract

Rich in anthocyanins, powerful plant antioxidants that support vascular and cellular health. Research in animals shows bilberry compounds help combat oxidative stress and support visual and immune function.

Dunlap et al. (2006). Total antioxidant power in sled dogs supplemented with blueberries and the comparison of blood parameters associated with exercise. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 143(4):429–434.

Kalt et al. (1999). Anthocyanins reduce oxidative stress. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Calsporin® Bacillus velezensis (Probiotic)

A spore-forming probiotic designed for stability and survivability through the digestive tract. Bacillus species have demonstrated benefits in improving nutrient digestibility and immune markers in dogs in controlled feeding studies.

Schmitz & Suchodolski (2016). Understanding the canine intestinal microbiota. Veterinary Medicine and Science.

Sauter SN et al. (2006). Effects of probiotic bacteria in dogs with food-responsive diarrhoea treated with an elimination diet. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 90(7–8):269–277.

Chicken Bone Broth Powder

Naturally rich in collagen peptides, amino acids and minerals that support connective tissue and gut integrity. Bone-derived collagen has been shown to support joint structure and digestive health through glycine and proline content.

Clark KL et al. (2008). 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 24(5):1485–1496.

Bello & Oesser (2006). Collagen hydrolysate in joint health. Current Medical Research and Opinion.

Chondroitin Sulphate (Avian)

A key cartilage component that helps maintain joint cushioning and resilience. Veterinary studies indicate that chondroitin, particularly when combined with glucosamine, supports joint comfort and mobility in dogs with degenerative joint changes.

Uebelhart D et al. (2004). Intermittent treatment of knee osteoarthritis with oral chondroitin sulfate: a one-year, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study versus placebo. Osteoarthritis & Cartilage, 12(4):269–276.

McCarthy et al. (2007). Veterinary Journal (combination trial).

Enterococcus faecium (Probiotic)

A clinically researched probiotic strain widely used in canine nutrition to support digestive balance. Studies in dogs show E. faecium can improve stool quality and support recovery from gastrointestinal disturbance by stabilising gut microbial populations.

Bybee et al. (2011). Effects of Enterococcus faecium SF68 on stool quality in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Benyacoub et al. (2003). Enterococcus faecium SF68 effects on immune function in dogs. Journal of Nutrition.

Glucosamine

A structural precursor for glycosaminoglycans, essential components of cartilage. Clinical trials in dogs have shown glucosamine supplementation can improve mobility scores and reduce signs of osteoarthritis over time.

McCarthy et al. (2007). Randomised double-blind clinical trial of glucosamine in canine osteoarthritis. Veterinary Journal.

Moreau et al. (2003). Glucosamine–chondroitin combination in dogs with OA. Veterinary Record.

Green Lipped Mussel

A natural source of omega-3 fatty acids, glycosaminoglycans and bioactive lipids. Multiple veterinary trials show green-lipped mussel supplementation can improve joint flexibility and reduce discomfort in dogs with osteoarthritis.

Pollard et al. (2006). Green-lipped mussel supplementation in dogs with osteoarthritis. New Zealand Veterinary Journal.

Bui & Bierer (2003). Green-lipped mussel improves mobility in dogs. Veterinary Therapeutics.

Inulin (Chicory Root Fibre)

A well-studied prebiotic fibre that selectively feeds beneficial gut bacteria. Research demonstrates that inulin increases short-chain fatty acid production, particularly butyrate, which supports intestinal barrier integrity and immune modulation.

Roberfroid, M. (2007). Inulin-type fructans: functional food ingredients. Journal of Nutrition.
Flickinger et al. (2003). Effects of oligofructose and inulin on canine faecal microbiota. Journal of Animal Science.

Milk Thistle Extract (80% Silymarin)

Standardised for silymarin, a group of potent plant antioxidants that support the liver and the body's natural defences against oxidative stress. Research in dogs and other animals shows silymarin helps protect cells and support healthy liver function.

Hackett ES, Twedt DC, Gustafson DL (2013). Milk thistle and its derivative compounds: a review of opportunities for treatment of liver disease. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 27(1):10–16.

Tedesco DEA, Guerrini A (2023). Use of milk thistle in farm and companion animals: a review. Planta Medica, 89(6):584–607.

Norwegian Kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum)

A nutrient-rich cold-water seaweed traditionally valued for oral health. Research in dogs shows daily Ascophyllum nodosum helps keep plaque and tartar in check and supports fresher breath.

Gawor J, Jank M, et al. (2018). Effects of edible treats containing Ascophyllum nodosum on the oral health of dogs: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled single-center study. Frontiers in Veterinary Science.

Ascophyllum nodosum as a nutrient supporting oral health in dogs and cats: a review (2023). Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 26(3):511–520.

Pumpkin (Whole Fruit Powder)

A natural source of soluble and insoluble fibre that supports stool regularity. Pumpkin has long been used in veterinary nutrition to help normalise digestive transit and maintain healthy bowel function.

Flickinger et al. (2003, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 43(1):19-60)

Spirulina Powder

A nutrient-dense microalgae rich in protein, antioxidants and phytonutrients. Research in dogs indicates spirulina supplementation may support immune response and reduce oxidative stress markers.

Belay et al. (1993). Spirulina and immune function. Journal of Applied Phycology.

Satyaraj et al. (2021). Supplementation of diets with Spirulina influences immune and gut function in dogs. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8:667072.

UC-II® (Undenatured Type II Collagen)

Undenatured type II collagen shown in canine studies to support joint comfort through immune-mediated pathways. Research in dogs demonstrates significant improvements in mobility and activity levels compared to placebo.

D'Altilio M et al. (2007). Therapeutic efficacy and safety of undenatured type II collagen singly or in combination with glucosamine and chondroitin in arthritic dogs. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 17(4):189–196.

16 functional ingredients for long-term wellbeing